WEBVTT 00:00:05.504 --> 00:00:09.504 align:center You know for me, the interest in contemporary forms of slavery 00:00:09.504 --> 00:00:11.504 align:center started with a leaflet that I picked up in London. 00:00:11.504 --> 00:00:13.504 align:center It was the early '90s, 00:00:13.504 --> 00:00:15.504 align:center and I was at a public event. 00:00:15.504 --> 00:00:18.504 align:center I saw this leaflet and it said, 00:00:18.504 --> 00:00:21.504 align:center "There are millions of slaves in the world today." 00:00:21.504 --> 00:00:25.504 align:center And I thought, "No way, no way." 00:00:25.504 --> 00:00:28.504 align:center And I'm going to admit to hubris. 00:00:28.504 --> 00:00:30.504 align:center Because I also, I'm going to admit to you, 00:00:30.504 --> 00:00:32.504 align:center I also thought, "How can I be like 00:00:32.504 --> 00:00:34.504 align:center a hot-shot young full professor 00:00:34.504 --> 00:00:37.504 align:center who teaches human rights and not know this? 00:00:37.504 --> 00:00:39.504 align:center So it can't be true." 00:00:39.504 --> 00:00:41.504 align:center Well, if you teach, if you worship 00:00:41.504 --> 00:00:43.504 align:center in the temple of learning, 00:00:43.504 --> 00:00:45.504 align:center do not mock the gods, 00:00:45.504 --> 00:00:47.504 align:center because they will take you, 00:00:47.504 --> 00:00:50.504 align:center fill you with curiosity and desire, 00:00:50.504 --> 00:00:53.504 align:center and drive you. Drive you with a passion 00:00:53.504 --> 00:00:56.504 align:center to change things. 00:00:56.504 --> 00:00:58.504 align:center I went out and did a lit review, 00:00:58.504 --> 00:01:01.504 align:center 3,000 articles on the key word "slavery." 00:01:01.504 --> 00:01:04.504 align:center Two turned out to be about contemporary -- only two. 00:01:04.504 --> 00:01:06.504 align:center All the rest were historical. 00:01:06.504 --> 00:01:09.504 align:center They were press pieces and they were full of outrage, 00:01:09.504 --> 00:01:12.504 align:center they were full of speculation, they were anecdotal -- 00:01:12.504 --> 00:01:14.504 align:center no solid information. 00:01:14.504 --> 00:01:17.504 align:center So, I began to do a research project of my own. 00:01:17.504 --> 00:01:19.504 align:center I went to five countries around the world. 00:01:19.504 --> 00:01:22.504 align:center I looked at slaves. I met slaveholders, 00:01:22.504 --> 00:01:24.504 align:center and I looked very deeply 00:01:24.504 --> 00:01:27.504 align:center into slave-based businesses 00:01:27.504 --> 00:01:29.504 align:center because this is an economic crime. 00:01:29.504 --> 00:01:33.504 align:center People do not enslave people to be mean to them. 00:01:33.504 --> 00:01:35.504 align:center They do it to make a profit. 00:01:35.504 --> 00:01:37.504 align:center And I've got to tell you, what I found out in the world 00:01:37.504 --> 00:01:40.504 align:center in four different continents, 00:01:40.504 --> 00:01:42.504 align:center was depressingly familiar. 00:01:42.504 --> 00:01:45.504 align:center Like this: 00:01:45.504 --> 00:01:47.504 align:center Agricultural workers in Africa, 00:01:47.504 --> 00:01:49.504 align:center whipped and beaten, 00:01:49.504 --> 00:01:52.504 align:center showing us how they were beaten in the fields 00:01:52.504 --> 00:01:54.504 align:center before they escaped from slavery 00:01:54.504 --> 00:01:56.504 align:center and met up with our film crew. 00:01:56.504 --> 00:01:59.504 align:center It was mind-blowing. 00:01:59.504 --> 00:02:03.504 align:center And I want to be very clear. 00:02:03.504 --> 00:02:05.504 align:center I'm talking about real slavery. 00:02:05.504 --> 00:02:07.504 align:center This is not about lousy marriages, 00:02:07.504 --> 00:02:09.504 align:center this is not about jobs that suck. 00:02:09.504 --> 00:02:12.504 align:center This is about people who can not walk away, 00:02:12.504 --> 00:02:14.504 align:center people who are forced to work without pay, 00:02:14.504 --> 00:02:17.504 align:center people who are operating 24/7 00:02:17.504 --> 00:02:19.504 align:center under a threat of violence 00:02:19.504 --> 00:02:22.504 align:center and have no pay. 00:02:22.504 --> 00:02:24.504 align:center It's real slavery in exactly the same way 00:02:24.504 --> 00:02:26.504 align:center that slavery would be recognized 00:02:26.504 --> 00:02:29.504 align:center throughout all of human history. 00:02:29.504 --> 00:02:31.504 align:center Now, where is it? 00:02:31.504 --> 00:02:34.504 align:center Well, this map in the sort of redder, yellower colors 00:02:34.504 --> 00:02:37.504 align:center are the places with the highest densities of slavery. 00:02:37.504 --> 00:02:39.504 align:center But in fact that kind of bluey color 00:02:39.504 --> 00:02:42.504 align:center are the countries where we can't find any cases of slavery. 00:02:42.504 --> 00:02:45.504 align:center And you might notice that it's only Iceland and Greenland 00:02:45.504 --> 00:02:47.504 align:center where we can't find any cases of enslavement 00:02:47.504 --> 00:02:49.504 align:center around the world. 00:02:49.504 --> 00:02:51.504 align:center We're also particularly interested 00:02:51.504 --> 00:02:53.504 align:center and looking very carefully 00:02:53.504 --> 00:02:57.504 align:center at places where 00:02:57.504 --> 00:02:59.504 align:center slaves are being used to perpetrate 00:02:59.504 --> 00:03:03.504 align:center extreme environmental destruction. 00:03:03.504 --> 00:03:06.504 align:center Around the world, slaves are used to destroy the environment, 00:03:06.504 --> 00:03:08.504 align:center cutting down trees in the Amazon; destroying 00:03:08.504 --> 00:03:10.504 align:center forest areas in West Africa; 00:03:10.504 --> 00:03:13.504 align:center mining and spreading mercury around 00:03:13.504 --> 00:03:15.504 align:center in places like Ghana and the Congo; 00:03:15.504 --> 00:03:19.504 align:center destroying the coastal ecosystems in South Asia. 00:03:19.504 --> 00:03:22.504 align:center It's a pretty harrowing linkage 00:03:22.504 --> 00:03:24.504 align:center between what's happening to our environment 00:03:24.504 --> 00:03:26.504 align:center and what's happening to our human rights. 00:03:26.504 --> 00:03:29.504 align:center Now, how on Earth did we get to a situation like this, 00:03:29.504 --> 00:03:32.504 align:center where we have 27 million people 00:03:32.504 --> 00:03:34.504 align:center in slavery in the year 2010? 00:03:34.504 --> 00:03:37.504 align:center That's double the number that came out of Africa 00:03:37.504 --> 00:03:40.504 align:center in the entire transatlantic slave trade. 00:03:40.504 --> 00:03:42.504 align:center Well, it builds up with these factors. 00:03:42.504 --> 00:03:45.504 align:center They are not causal, they are actually supporting factors. 00:03:45.504 --> 00:03:48.504 align:center One we all know about, the population explosion: 00:03:48.504 --> 00:03:50.504 align:center the world goes from two billion people to almost 00:03:50.504 --> 00:03:53.504 align:center seven billion people in the last 50 years. 00:03:53.504 --> 00:03:55.504 align:center Being numerous does not make you a slave. 00:03:55.504 --> 00:04:00.504 align:center Add in the increased vulnerability of very large numbers of people 00:04:00.504 --> 00:04:02.504 align:center in the developing world, 00:04:02.504 --> 00:04:05.504 align:center caused by civil wars, ethnic conflicts, 00:04:05.504 --> 00:04:08.504 align:center kleptocratic governments, disease ... you name it, you know it. 00:04:08.504 --> 00:04:10.504 align:center We understand how that works. In some countries 00:04:10.504 --> 00:04:12.504 align:center all of those things happen at once, 00:04:12.504 --> 00:04:14.504 align:center like Sierra Leone a few years ago, 00:04:14.504 --> 00:04:18.504 align:center and push enormous parts ... about a billion people in the world, in fact, 00:04:18.504 --> 00:04:20.504 align:center as we know, live on the edge, 00:04:20.504 --> 00:04:22.504 align:center live in situations where 00:04:22.504 --> 00:04:27.504 align:center they don't have any opportunity and are usually even destitute. 00:04:27.504 --> 00:04:30.504 align:center But that doesn't make you a slave either. 00:04:30.504 --> 00:04:33.504 align:center What it takes to turn a person who is destitute and vulnerable 00:04:33.504 --> 00:04:37.504 align:center into a slave, is the absence of the rule of law. 00:04:37.504 --> 00:04:39.504 align:center If the rule of law is sound, it protects 00:04:39.504 --> 00:04:41.504 align:center the poor and it protects the vulnerable. 00:04:41.504 --> 00:04:43.504 align:center But if corruption creeps in 00:04:43.504 --> 00:04:45.504 align:center and people don't have the opportunity 00:04:45.504 --> 00:04:47.504 align:center to have that protection of the rule of law, 00:04:47.504 --> 00:04:49.504 align:center then if you can use violence, 00:04:49.504 --> 00:04:51.504 align:center if you can use violence with impunity, 00:04:51.504 --> 00:04:54.504 align:center you can reach out and harvest the vulnerable 00:04:54.504 --> 00:04:56.504 align:center into slavery. 00:04:56.504 --> 00:05:00.504 align:center Well, that is precisely what has happened around the world. 00:05:00.504 --> 00:05:04.504 align:center Though, for a lot of people, 00:05:04.504 --> 00:05:06.504 align:center the people who step 00:05:06.504 --> 00:05:09.504 align:center into slavery today 00:05:09.504 --> 00:05:13.504 align:center don't usually get kidnapped or knocked over the head. 00:05:13.504 --> 00:05:15.504 align:center They come into slavery because 00:05:15.504 --> 00:05:17.504 align:center someone has asked them this question. 00:05:17.504 --> 00:05:20.504 align:center All around the world I've been told an almost identical story. 00:05:20.504 --> 00:05:22.504 align:center People say, "I was home, 00:05:22.504 --> 00:05:24.504 align:center someone came into our village, 00:05:24.504 --> 00:05:26.504 align:center they stood up in the back of a truck, they said, 'I've got jobs, 00:05:26.504 --> 00:05:28.504 align:center who needs a job?'" 00:05:28.504 --> 00:05:30.504 align:center And they did exactly what 00:05:30.504 --> 00:05:33.504 align:center you or I would do in the same situation. 00:05:33.504 --> 00:05:37.504 align:center They said, "That guy looked sketchy. I was suspicious, 00:05:37.504 --> 00:05:40.504 align:center but my children were hungry. 00:05:40.504 --> 00:05:42.504 align:center We needed medicine. 00:05:42.504 --> 00:05:44.504 align:center I knew I had to do anything I could 00:05:44.504 --> 00:05:48.504 align:center to earn some money to support the people I care about." 00:05:48.504 --> 00:05:51.504 align:center They climb into the back of the truck. They go off with the person who recruits them. 00:05:51.504 --> 00:05:55.504 align:center Ten miles, 100 miles, 1,000 miles later, 00:05:55.504 --> 00:05:59.504 align:center they find themselves in dirty, dangerous, demeaning work. 00:05:59.504 --> 00:06:01.504 align:center They take it for a little while, 00:06:01.504 --> 00:06:04.504 align:center but when they try to leave, bang!, the hammer comes down, 00:06:04.504 --> 00:06:07.504 align:center and they discover they're enslaved. 00:06:07.504 --> 00:06:10.504 align:center Now, that kind of slavery 00:06:10.504 --> 00:06:14.504 align:center is, again, pretty much what slavery has been all through human history. 00:06:14.504 --> 00:06:18.504 align:center But there is one thing that is particularly remarkable 00:06:18.504 --> 00:06:20.504 align:center and novel about slavery today, 00:06:20.504 --> 00:06:24.504 align:center and that is a complete collapse 00:06:24.504 --> 00:06:27.504 align:center in the price of human beings -- 00:06:27.504 --> 00:06:30.504 align:center expensive in the past, dirt cheap now. 00:06:30.504 --> 00:06:32.504 align:center Even the business programs have started 00:06:32.504 --> 00:06:34.504 align:center picking up on this. 00:06:34.504 --> 00:06:36.504 align:center I just want to share a little clip for you. 00:06:36.504 --> 00:06:38.504 align:center Daphne: OK. Llively discussion guaranteed here, as always, 00:06:38.504 --> 00:06:41.504 align:center as we get macro and talk commodities. 00:06:41.504 --> 00:06:44.504 align:center Continuing here in the studio with our guest Michael O'Donohue, 00:06:44.504 --> 00:06:46.504 align:center head of commodities at Four Continents Capital Management. 00:06:46.504 --> 00:06:49.504 align:center And we're also joined by Brent Lawson 00:06:49.504 --> 00:06:51.504 align:center from Lawson Frisk Securities. 00:06:51.504 --> 00:06:53.504 align:center Brent Lawson: Happy to be here. 00:06:53.504 --> 00:06:55.504 align:center D: Good to have you with us, Brent. 00:06:55.504 --> 00:06:59.504 align:center Now, gentlemen ... Brent, where is your money going this year? 00:06:59.504 --> 00:07:02.504 align:center BL: Well Daphne, we've been going short on gas and oil recently 00:07:02.504 --> 00:07:04.504 align:center and casting our net just a little bit wider. 00:07:04.504 --> 00:07:07.504 align:center We really like the human being story a lot. 00:07:07.504 --> 00:07:10.504 align:center If you look at a long-term chart, 00:07:10.504 --> 00:07:12.504 align:center prices are at historical lows and yet global demand 00:07:12.504 --> 00:07:15.504 align:center for forced labor is still real strong. 00:07:15.504 --> 00:07:19.504 align:center So, that's a scenario that we think we should be capitalizing on. 00:07:19.504 --> 00:07:22.504 align:center D: Michael, what's your take on the people story? Are you interested? 00:07:22.504 --> 00:07:25.504 align:center Michael O'Donoghue: Oh definitely. Non-voluntary labor's greatest advantage 00:07:25.504 --> 00:07:27.504 align:center as an asset is the endless supply. 00:07:27.504 --> 00:07:30.504 align:center We're not about to run out of people. No other commodity has that. 00:07:30.504 --> 00:07:32.504 align:center BL: Daphne, if I may draw your attention to one thing. 00:07:32.504 --> 00:07:35.504 align:center That is that private equity has been sniffing around, 00:07:35.504 --> 00:07:38.504 align:center and that tells me that this market is about to explode. 00:07:38.504 --> 00:07:40.504 align:center Africans and Indians, as usual, 00:07:40.504 --> 00:07:43.504 align:center South Americans, and Eastern Europeans in particular 00:07:43.504 --> 00:07:45.504 align:center are on our buy list. 00:07:45.504 --> 00:07:48.504 align:center D: Interesting. Micheal, bottom line, what do you recommend? 00:07:48.504 --> 00:07:50.504 align:center MO: We're recommending to our clients 00:07:50.504 --> 00:07:52.504 align:center a buy and hold strategy. 00:07:52.504 --> 00:07:54.504 align:center There's no need to play the market. 00:07:54.504 --> 00:07:57.504 align:center There's a lot of vulnerable people out there. It's very exciting. 00:07:57.504 --> 00:08:00.504 align:center D: Exciting stuff indeed. Gentlemen, thank you very much. 00:08:02.504 --> 00:08:04.504 align:center Kevin Bales: Okay, you figured it out. That's a spoof. 00:08:04.504 --> 00:08:06.504 align:center Though I enjoyed watching 00:08:06.504 --> 00:08:10.504 align:center your jaws drop, drop, drop, until you got it. 00:08:10.504 --> 00:08:13.504 align:center MTV Europe worked with us and made that spoof, 00:08:13.504 --> 00:08:15.504 align:center and they've been slipping it in between music videos 00:08:15.504 --> 00:08:18.504 align:center without any introduction, which I think is kind of fun. 00:08:18.504 --> 00:08:20.504 align:center Here's the reality. 00:08:20.504 --> 00:08:23.504 align:center The price of human beings across the last 4,000 years 00:08:23.504 --> 00:08:26.504 align:center in today's money has averaged about 40,000 dollars. 00:08:26.504 --> 00:08:29.504 align:center Capital purchase items. 00:08:29.504 --> 00:08:32.504 align:center You can see that the lines cross when the population explodes. 00:08:32.504 --> 00:08:35.504 align:center The average price of a human being today, 00:08:35.504 --> 00:08:37.504 align:center around the world, is about 90 dollars. 00:08:37.504 --> 00:08:40.504 align:center They are more expensive in places like North America. 00:08:40.504 --> 00:08:44.504 align:center Slaves cost between 3,000 to 8,000 dollars in North America, 00:08:44.504 --> 00:08:47.504 align:center but I could take you places in India or Nepal 00:08:47.504 --> 00:08:50.504 align:center where human beings can be acquired for five or 10 dollars. 00:08:50.504 --> 00:08:52.504 align:center They key here is that 00:08:52.504 --> 00:08:56.504 align:center people have ceased to be that capital purchase item 00:08:56.504 --> 00:08:58.504 align:center and become like Styrofoam cups. 00:08:58.504 --> 00:09:01.504 align:center You buy them cheaply, you use them, 00:09:01.504 --> 00:09:03.504 align:center you crumple them up, and then when you're done 00:09:03.504 --> 00:09:05.504 align:center with them you just throw them away. 00:09:05.504 --> 00:09:08.504 align:center These young boys are in Nepal. 00:09:08.504 --> 00:09:11.504 align:center They are basically the transport system 00:09:11.504 --> 00:09:13.504 align:center on a quarry run by a slaveholder. 00:09:13.504 --> 00:09:16.504 align:center There are no roads there, so they carry loads of stone 00:09:16.504 --> 00:09:19.504 align:center on their backs, often of their own weight, 00:09:19.504 --> 00:09:21.504 align:center up and down the Himalaya Mountains. 00:09:21.504 --> 00:09:23.504 align:center One of their mothers said to us, 00:09:23.504 --> 00:09:25.504 align:center "You know, we can't survive here, 00:09:25.504 --> 00:09:28.504 align:center but we can't even seem to die either." 00:09:28.504 --> 00:09:30.504 align:center It's a horrible situation. 00:09:30.504 --> 00:09:34.504 align:center And if there is anything that makes me feel very positive about this, 00:09:34.504 --> 00:09:36.504 align:center it's that there are also -- 00:09:36.504 --> 00:09:38.504 align:center in addition to young men like this who are still enslaved -- 00:09:38.504 --> 00:09:42.504 align:center there are ex-slaves who are now working to free others. 00:09:42.504 --> 00:09:45.504 align:center Or, we say, Frederick Douglass is in the house. 00:09:45.504 --> 00:09:48.504 align:center I don't know if you've ever had a daydream 00:09:48.504 --> 00:09:50.504 align:center about, "Wow. What would it be like to meet Harriet Tubman? 00:09:50.504 --> 00:09:52.504 align:center What would it be like to meet Frederick Douglass?" 00:09:52.504 --> 00:09:55.504 align:center I've got to say, one of the most exciting parts about my job 00:09:55.504 --> 00:09:57.504 align:center is that I get to, 00:09:57.504 --> 00:09:59.504 align:center and I want to introduce you to one of those. 00:09:59.504 --> 00:10:02.504 align:center His name is James Kofi Annan. He was a slave child in Ghana 00:10:02.504 --> 00:10:04.504 align:center enslaved in the fishing industry, 00:10:04.504 --> 00:10:08.504 align:center and he now, after escape and building a new life, 00:10:08.504 --> 00:10:11.504 align:center has formed an organization that we work closely with 00:10:11.504 --> 00:10:13.504 align:center to go back and get people out of slavery. 00:10:13.504 --> 00:10:16.504 align:center This is not James, this is one of the kids that he works with. 00:10:16.504 --> 00:10:18.504 align:center James Kofi Annan (Video): He was hit with a paddle 00:10:18.504 --> 00:10:20.504 align:center in the head. And this reminds me 00:10:20.504 --> 00:10:23.504 align:center of my childhood when I used to work here. 00:10:24.504 --> 00:10:28.504 align:center KB: James and our country director in Ghana, 00:10:28.504 --> 00:10:31.504 align:center Emmanuel Otoo are now receiving regular death threats 00:10:31.504 --> 00:10:33.504 align:center because the two of them managed to get 00:10:33.504 --> 00:10:36.504 align:center convictions and imprisonment for three human traffickers 00:10:36.504 --> 00:10:38.504 align:center for the very first time in Ghana 00:10:38.504 --> 00:10:40.504 align:center for enslaving people, from the fishing industry, 00:10:40.504 --> 00:10:42.504 align:center for enslaving children. 00:10:42.504 --> 00:10:44.504 align:center Now, everything I've been telling you, 00:10:44.504 --> 00:10:47.504 align:center I admit, is pretty disheartening. 00:10:47.504 --> 00:10:51.504 align:center But there is actually a very positive side to this, 00:10:51.504 --> 00:10:53.504 align:center and that is this: The 27 million people 00:10:53.504 --> 00:10:55.504 align:center who are in slavery today, 00:10:55.504 --> 00:10:57.504 align:center that's a lot of people, but it's also 00:10:57.504 --> 00:10:59.504 align:center the smallest fraction 00:10:59.504 --> 00:11:02.504 align:center of the global population to ever be in slavery. 00:11:02.504 --> 00:11:05.504 align:center And likewise, the 40 billion dollars that they generate 00:11:05.504 --> 00:11:07.504 align:center into the global economy each year 00:11:07.504 --> 00:11:10.504 align:center is the tiniest proportion of the global economy 00:11:10.504 --> 00:11:14.504 align:center to ever be represented by slave labor. 00:11:14.504 --> 00:11:16.504 align:center Slavery, illegal in every country 00:11:16.504 --> 00:11:21.504 align:center has been pushed to the edges of our global society. 00:11:21.504 --> 00:11:24.504 align:center And in a way, without us even noticing, 00:11:24.504 --> 00:11:26.504 align:center has ended up standing on the precipice 00:11:26.504 --> 00:11:28.504 align:center of its own extinction, 00:11:28.504 --> 00:11:31.504 align:center waiting for us to give it a big boot 00:11:31.504 --> 00:11:33.504 align:center and knock it over. And get rid of it. 00:11:33.504 --> 00:11:35.504 align:center And it can be done. 00:11:35.504 --> 00:11:37.504 align:center Now, if we do that, if we put the resources 00:11:37.504 --> 00:11:39.504 align:center and the focus to it, 00:11:39.504 --> 00:11:42.504 align:center what does it actually cost to get people out of slavery? 00:11:42.504 --> 00:11:45.504 align:center Well, first, before I even tell you the cost 00:11:45.504 --> 00:11:47.504 align:center I've got to be absolutely clear. 00:11:47.504 --> 00:11:51.504 align:center We do not buy people out of slavery. 00:11:51.504 --> 00:11:53.504 align:center Buying people out of slavery is like 00:11:53.504 --> 00:11:55.504 align:center paying a burglar to get your television back; 00:11:55.504 --> 00:11:58.504 align:center it's abetting a crime. 00:11:58.504 --> 00:12:00.504 align:center Liberation, however, costs some money. 00:12:00.504 --> 00:12:02.504 align:center Liberation, and more importantly 00:12:02.504 --> 00:12:05.504 align:center all the work that comes after liberation. 00:12:05.504 --> 00:12:07.504 align:center It's not an event, it's a process. 00:12:07.504 --> 00:12:10.504 align:center It's about helping people to build lives of dignity, 00:12:10.504 --> 00:12:12.504 align:center stability, economic autonomy, 00:12:12.504 --> 00:12:14.504 align:center citizenship. 00:12:14.504 --> 00:12:16.504 align:center Well, amazingly, 00:12:16.504 --> 00:12:19.504 align:center in places like India where costs are very low, 00:12:19.504 --> 00:12:23.504 align:center that family, that three-generation family that you see there 00:12:23.504 --> 00:12:25.504 align:center who were in hereditary slavery -- 00:12:25.504 --> 00:12:30.504 align:center so, that granddad there, was born a baby into slavery -- 00:12:30.504 --> 00:12:32.504 align:center but the total cost, amortized 00:12:32.504 --> 00:12:34.504 align:center across the rest of the work, 00:12:34.504 --> 00:12:36.504 align:center was about 150 dollars to bring that family 00:12:36.504 --> 00:12:39.504 align:center out of slavery and then take them through a two year process 00:12:39.504 --> 00:12:44.504 align:center to build a stable life of citizenship and education. 00:12:44.504 --> 00:12:47.504 align:center A boy in Ghana rescued from fishing slavery, about 400 dollars. 00:12:47.504 --> 00:12:49.504 align:center In the United States, North America, 00:12:49.504 --> 00:12:51.504 align:center much more expensive. Legal costs, medical costs ... 00:12:51.504 --> 00:12:53.504 align:center we understand that it's expensive here: 00:12:53.504 --> 00:12:55.504 align:center about 30,000 dollars. 00:12:55.504 --> 00:12:58.504 align:center But most of the people in the world in slavery 00:12:58.504 --> 00:13:00.504 align:center live in those places where 00:13:00.504 --> 00:13:02.504 align:center the costs are lowest. 00:13:02.504 --> 00:13:05.504 align:center And in fact, the global average is about what it is 00:13:05.504 --> 00:13:08.504 align:center for Ghana. 00:13:08.504 --> 00:13:11.504 align:center And that means, when you multiply it up, 00:13:11.504 --> 00:13:13.504 align:center the estimated cost of 00:13:13.504 --> 00:13:16.504 align:center not just freedom but sustainable freedom 00:13:16.504 --> 00:13:20.504 align:center for the entire 27 million people on the planet in slavery 00:13:20.504 --> 00:13:23.504 align:center is something like 10.8 billion dollars -- 00:13:23.504 --> 00:13:26.504 align:center what Americans spend on potato chips and pretzels, 00:13:26.504 --> 00:13:29.504 align:center what Seattle is going to spend on its light rail system: 00:13:29.504 --> 00:13:33.504 align:center usually the annual expenditure in this country on blue jeans, 00:13:33.504 --> 00:13:35.504 align:center or in the last holiday period 00:13:35.504 --> 00:13:39.504 align:center when we bought GameBoys and iPods and other tech gifts for people, 00:13:39.504 --> 00:13:42.504 align:center we spent 10.8 billion dollars. 00:13:42.504 --> 00:13:46.504 align:center Intel's fourth quarter earnings: 10.8 billion. 00:13:46.504 --> 00:13:48.504 align:center It's not a lot of money at the global level. 00:13:48.504 --> 00:13:50.504 align:center In fact, it's peanuts. 00:13:50.504 --> 00:13:52.504 align:center And the great thing about it is that 00:13:52.504 --> 00:13:54.504 align:center it's not money down a hole, 00:13:54.504 --> 00:13:57.504 align:center there is a freedom dividend. When you let people out of slavery 00:13:57.504 --> 00:13:59.504 align:center to work for themselves, 00:13:59.504 --> 00:14:01.504 align:center are they motivated? 00:14:01.504 --> 00:14:03.504 align:center They take their kids out of the workplace, 00:14:03.504 --> 00:14:05.504 align:center they build a school, they say, 00:14:05.504 --> 00:14:08.504 align:center "We're going to have stuff we've never had before like three squares, 00:14:08.504 --> 00:14:10.504 align:center medicine when we're sick, 00:14:10.504 --> 00:14:12.504 align:center clothing when we're cold." 00:14:12.504 --> 00:14:14.504 align:center They become consumers and producers 00:14:14.504 --> 00:14:19.504 align:center and local economies begin to spiral up very rapidly. 00:14:19.504 --> 00:14:21.504 align:center That's important, all of that 00:14:21.504 --> 00:14:23.504 align:center about how we rebuild sustainable freedom, 00:14:23.504 --> 00:14:27.504 align:center because we'd never want to repeat 00:14:27.504 --> 00:14:30.504 align:center what happened in this country in 1865. 00:14:30.504 --> 00:14:33.504 align:center Four million people were lifted up out of slavery 00:14:33.504 --> 00:14:36.504 align:center and then dumped. 00:14:36.504 --> 00:14:38.504 align:center Dumped without political participation, 00:14:38.504 --> 00:14:40.504 align:center decent education, 00:14:40.504 --> 00:14:42.504 align:center any kind of real opportunity 00:14:42.504 --> 00:14:44.504 align:center in terms of economic lives, 00:14:44.504 --> 00:14:47.504 align:center and then sentenced to generations of 00:14:47.504 --> 00:14:49.504 align:center violence and prejudice and discrimination. 00:14:49.504 --> 00:14:51.504 align:center And America is still paying the price 00:14:51.504 --> 00:14:55.504 align:center for the botched emancipation of 1865. 00:14:55.504 --> 00:14:57.504 align:center We have made a commitment 00:14:57.504 --> 00:14:59.504 align:center that we will never let people 00:14:59.504 --> 00:15:01.504 align:center come out of slavery on our watch, 00:15:01.504 --> 00:15:04.504 align:center and end up as second class citizens. 00:15:04.504 --> 00:15:06.504 align:center It's just not going to happen. 00:15:06.504 --> 00:15:10.504 align:center This is what liberation really looks like. 00:15:18.504 --> 00:15:22.504 align:center Children rescued from slavery in the fishing industry in Ghana, 00:15:22.504 --> 00:15:24.504 align:center reunited with their parents, 00:15:24.504 --> 00:15:26.504 align:center and then taken with their parents back to their villages 00:15:26.504 --> 00:15:28.504 align:center to rebuild their economic well-being 00:15:28.504 --> 00:15:31.504 align:center so that they become slave-proof -- 00:15:31.504 --> 00:15:34.504 align:center absolutely unenslaveable. 00:15:34.504 --> 00:15:36.504 align:center Now, this woman 00:15:36.504 --> 00:15:38.504 align:center lived in a village in Nepal. 00:15:38.504 --> 00:15:41.504 align:center We'd been working there about a month. 00:15:41.504 --> 00:15:45.504 align:center They had just begun to come out of a hereditary kind of slavery. 00:15:45.504 --> 00:15:47.504 align:center They'd just begun to light up a little bit, 00:15:47.504 --> 00:15:49.504 align:center open up a little bit. 00:15:49.504 --> 00:15:51.504 align:center But when we went to speak with her, when we took this photograph, 00:15:51.504 --> 00:15:56.504 align:center the slaveholders were still menacing us 00:15:56.504 --> 00:15:59.504 align:center from the sidelines. They hadn't been really pushed back. 00:15:59.504 --> 00:16:02.504 align:center I was frightened. We were frightened. 00:16:02.504 --> 00:16:05.504 align:center We said to her, "Are you worried? Are you upset?" 00:16:05.504 --> 00:16:09.504 align:center She said, "No, because we've got hope now. 00:16:09.504 --> 00:16:13.504 align:center How could we not succeed," she said, 00:16:13.504 --> 00:16:17.504 align:center "when people like you from the other side of the world 00:16:17.504 --> 00:16:20.504 align:center are coming here to stand beside us?" 00:16:20.504 --> 00:16:24.504 align:center Okay, we have to ask ourselves, 00:16:24.504 --> 00:16:28.504 align:center are we willing to live in a world with slavery? 00:16:28.504 --> 00:16:31.504 align:center If we don't take action, we just leave ourselves open 00:16:31.504 --> 00:16:33.504 align:center to have someone else jerk the strings 00:16:33.504 --> 00:16:36.504 align:center that tie us to slavery in the products we buy, 00:16:36.504 --> 00:16:38.504 align:center and in our government policies. 00:16:38.504 --> 00:16:42.504 align:center And yet, if there's one thing that every human being can agree on, 00:16:42.504 --> 00:16:46.504 align:center I think it's that slavery should end. 00:16:46.504 --> 00:16:48.504 align:center And if there is a fundamental violation 00:16:48.504 --> 00:16:51.504 align:center of our human dignity 00:16:51.504 --> 00:16:53.504 align:center that we would all say is horrific, 00:16:53.504 --> 00:16:55.504 align:center it's slavery. 00:16:55.504 --> 00:16:58.504 align:center And we've got to say, 00:16:58.504 --> 00:17:01.504 align:center what good is all of our intellectual 00:17:01.504 --> 00:17:03.504 align:center and political and economic power -- 00:17:03.504 --> 00:17:07.504 align:center and I'm really thinking intellectual power in this room -- 00:17:07.504 --> 00:17:10.504 align:center if we can't use it to bring slavery to an end? 00:17:10.504 --> 00:17:12.504 align:center I think there is enough intellectual power in this room 00:17:12.504 --> 00:17:14.504 align:center to bring slavery to an end. 00:17:14.504 --> 00:17:17.504 align:center And you know what? If we can't do that, 00:17:17.504 --> 00:17:20.504 align:center if we can't use our intellectual power to end slavery, 00:17:20.504 --> 00:17:23.504 align:center there is one last question: 00:17:23.504 --> 00:17:25.504 align:center Are we truly free? 00:17:25.504 --> 00:17:27.504 align:center Okay, thank you so much. 00:17:27.504 --> 00:17:44.504 align:center (Applause)